What are the advantages and disadvantages of pre pressing ball splines with Han Yi angular contact structure

Advantages:
Eliminating rotational clearance: By using relative ball arrays and applying pre pressure, the clearance in the direction of rotation of the ball spline can be made zero, which can accurately control the positional relationship between shafts, achieve precise positioning and motion control, and improve transmission accuracy and repeat positioning accuracy.
Improving rigidity: A larger contact angle (such as 40 °) and appropriate preloading can achieve high torque rigidity and torque rigidity, making the spline deform less when subjected to load, effectively resisting external interference and deformation, and improving the stability and reliability of the transmission system.
Increasing load capacity: The rolling groove of the ball is precision ground and formed, and the angular contact angle is large, which enables the ball spline to have a large load capacity in both radial and torque directions, and can withstand larger loads.
Improving motion sensitivity: Due to the special design of the contact point of the steel ball, it is more sensitive in addition to high rigidity, and can reduce energy waste, making the motion response of the ball spline faster and more accurate in transmitting motion and power.
Extended service life: Proper preloading can evenly distribute the force on the ball, reduce local stress concentration, and thus extend the service life of the ball spline.
Simple assembly: With a special design such as using a ball retainer, even if the spline outer cylinder is detached from the spline shaft, the steel ball will not fall off, making assembly, maintenance, and inspection easy to carry out.
Disadvantages: High requirements for manufacturing and assembly accuracy: In order to achieve preloading effect and ensure performance, it is necessary to strictly control the machining accuracy of components such as ball bearings, spline shafts, and spline outer tubes, as well as the installation accuracy during the assembly process. Manufacturing tolerances and assembly errors may result in uneven preloading or failure to achieve expected results, affecting the performance of ball splines.
Increasing friction and motion resistance: Preloading increases the contact pressure between the ball and the raceway, leading to an increase in friction. This may require greater driving force to drive the spline movement, which may become a limiting factor in some application scenarios that require high power or low friction. At the same time, the increase in friction may also lead to component heating, affecting the stability and service life of the system.
Cost increase: High precision manufacturing requirements and complex preloading adjustment processes will increase the production cost of ball splines. In addition, due to the high requirements for precision and quality of components, high-quality parts are also needed for maintenance and replacement, further increasing the cost of use.
Pre pressure is difficult to accurately control: if the pre pressure is too large, it will intensify the wear of the ball and raceway, shorten the service life, and may also cause the spline to move unevenly or even get stuck; If the pre pressure is too small, it cannot fully utilize the advantages of eliminating gaps and improving rigidity. Determining and adjusting the appropriate pre pressure requires extensive experience and professional equipment, and demands a high level of technical proficiency from the user.