Introduce the working principle of the ball spline preloading of Hanyi angular contact structure

Contact angle design and force decomposition: Ball splines with angular contact structures typically use larger contact angles, such as 40 °. When the ball contacts the raceway of the spline shaft and spline outer cylinder, the force at the contact point can be decomposed into radial force and axial force. A larger contact angle results in a relatively larger axial force component, which is the basis for generating preload. By designing the contact angle reasonably, a specific pressure distribution can be formed between the ball and the raceway, thereby achieving the preloading effect.
Interaction between relative ball arrays: Use 2-4 rows of relative ball arrays with the same contact angle to combine the spline shaft with the spline outer cylinder. These opposing ball columns are symmetrically arranged in the circumferential direction. When the spline shaft and the spline outer cylinder are installed together, the opposing ball columns will generate a resultant force towards the center on the spline shaft. This resultant force is equivalent to applying pre pressure to the balls, causing them to be in a compressed state in the raceway, thereby eliminating the clearance in the direction of rotation.
Pre pressure adjustment and rigidity enhancement: The size of the pre pressure can be precisely controlled by adjusting the pre pressure method, such as changing the number and size of the balls, the shape of the raceway, or applying external axial force. Appropriate preloading can make the contact between the ball and the raceway tighter. When subjected to load, the ball can distribute force more evenly, reduce the concentration of force on a single ball, and thus improve the rigidity of the ball spline, making it deform less when subjected to torque or radial load.