Classification and usage characteristics of splines

Classification and usage characteristics of splines
The spline connection consists of internal splines and external splines. Both the internal and external splines are multi tooth parts, with the splines on the inner cylindrical surface being internal splines and the splines on the outer cylindrical surface being external splines. Obviously, spline connection is the development of flat key connection in terms of number.
1. Classification of splines
The common types of spline shafts on the market can be roughly divided into three categories. One is rectangular spline shafts, which are widely used in machinery such as machine tools, automobiles, and airplanes; Another type is involute spline shaft, mainly used on links with high centering accuracy requirements, large loads, and large dimensions; The third type is triangular spline, used for connecting thin-walled parts.
2. Characteristics of using splines
Usage characteristics: Due to differences in structural form and manufacturing process, compared with flat key connections, spline connections have the following characteristics in terms of strength, process, and usage:
Because more teeth and grooves are directly and uniformly made on the shaft and hub hole, the coupling force is relatively uniform;
Due to the shallow groove, there is less stress concentration at the tooth root, resulting in less weakening of the strength of the shaft and hub;
With a large number of teeth and a relatively large total contact area, it can withstand significant loads;
Good alignment between the components on the shaft and the shaft is important for high-speed and precision machines;
Good guidance is important for dynamic connections;
Grinding methods can be used to improve machining accuracy and connection quality;
The manufacturing process is complex and sometimes requires specialized equipment, resulting in high costs.
Applicable occasions: Connections that require high centering accuracy, transmit large torque, or frequently slip.
Most of the spline shafts seen on the market are made of 40Cr material, with a surface hardness requirement of HRC45-50, and require heat treatment.